Ngorongoro Conservation Area

Quick Facts

  • Country: Tanzania
  • Size: 8,292 km² (Crater floor is ~260 km²)
  • Established: 1959 (Multiple-use area)
  • Provinces: Arusha Region
  • Wildlife: Highest density of large mammals in Africa; stable population of Black Rhino
  • Malaria Zone: Low risk (due to high altitude on the rim), but prophylaxis is advised
  • GPS Coordinates: 3.2000° S, 35.5000° E
  • Fence Status: Unfenced; the crater walls act as a natural enclosure
  • Habitat: Montane forest on the rim, alkaline lakes, and open savannah on the floor
  • Best Time to Visit: Year-round; June–September for the clearest weather.

Overview

The Ngorongoro Crater is the world's largest intact volcanic caldera. It provides a unique microcosm of East African wildlife, where animals live in a permanent "sanctuary" enclosed by 600-meter-high walls. It is one of the few places where humans (Maasai) and wildlife coexist within a protected area.

Location & Access

  • Main Entry Gates: Loduare Gate (South)
  • Air Travel: Many visitors fly into Manyara Airstrip, followed by a 1.5-hour drive to the crater rim.
  • Road Access: ~3 hours from Arusha on paved roads, making it a highly accessible stop on the Northern Circuit.

Habitats & Landscapes

  • Crater Floor: Open grasslands and the Lerai Fever Tree forest.
  • Lake Magadi: A central soda lake often pink with thousands of flamingos.
  • Highlands: Lush, misty montane forests surrounding the rim.

Wildlife Highlights

  • Black Rhino: One of the most reliable places in East Africa to see this critically endangered species.
  • "Tuskers": Massive old bull elephants with exceptionally large ivory.
  • Predators: High density of lions and spotted hyenas.

Best Time to Visit

Season
Months
Weather
Game Viewing
Dry Season
June–October
Bright days, cold rim nights
Peak. Thin grass makes spotting easy; animals stay near the floor's marshes.
Green Season
Nov–May
Lush, some fog
Great. Spectacular photography and migratory birds; fewer vehicles.